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Economics pre+mains тАв Bilingual Chapter (Hindi)

Chapter 8: vitiya bajar

1. Chapter Study Notes

1 Topic Note
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vitiya bajar - Chapter Notes

Hindi
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Chapter 8: Financial Market

1. Introduction

A Financial Market is a mechanism through which financial assets such as shares, bonds, debentures, currencies, and derivatives are traded. It facilitates the transfer of funds from savers to investors and plays an important role in economic development. Financial markets help in efficient allocation of resources and capital formation.

2. Meaning of Financial Market

A Financial Market is a marketplace where buyers and sellers participate in the trading of financial instruments and securities. It provides a link between surplus units (savers) and deficit units (borrowers). :contentReference[oaicite:0]{index=0}

3. Objectives of Financial Market

  • Mobilization of savings.
  • Efficient allocation of resources.
  • Capital formation.
  • Providing liquidity.
  • Facilitating economic growth.
  • Price discovery of financial assets.

4. Features of Financial Market

  • Facilitates transfer of funds.
  • Provides investment opportunities.
  • Promotes economic development.
  • Ensures liquidity of financial assets.
  • Functions under regulatory supervision.

5. Classification of Financial Market

Financial Markets in India are broadly classified into two major categories: Money Market and Capital Market. :contentReference[oaicite:1]{index=1}

Financial Market Purpose
Money Market Deals in short-term funds and securities.
Capital Market Deals in long-term funds and securities.

6. Money Market

Money Market is the market for short-term funds and financial instruments having a maturity period of up to one year. It provides liquidity to financial institutions and businesses. :contentReference[oaicite:2]{index=2}

Features of Money Market

  • Short-term transactions.
  • High liquidity.
  • Low risk.
  • Large volume transactions.
  • Regulated mainly by RBI.

Major Money Market Instruments

  • Treasury Bills (T-Bills)
  • Commercial Papers (CP)
  • Certificates of Deposit (CD)
  • Call Money
  • Commercial Bills

7. Capital Market

Capital Market deals with long-term funds and securities having maturity greater than one year. It helps industries and governments raise long-term capital. :contentReference[oaicite:3]{index=3}

Features of Capital Market

  • Deals in long-term securities.
  • Promotes capital formation.
  • Provides investment opportunities.
  • Facilitates industrial development.
  • Regulated by SEBI.

8. Components of Capital Market

Component Description
Primary Market Market for new securities.
Secondary Market Market for existing securities.

9. Primary Market

Primary Market, also known as the New Issue Market (NIM), is the market where companies and governments issue securities to investors for the first time to raise capital. IPOs are issued through the primary market. :contentReference[oaicite:4]{index=4}

Functions of Primary Market

  • Raising fresh capital.
  • Mobilizing savings.
  • Creation of financial assets.
  • Facilitating new business expansion.

10. Secondary Market

Secondary Market is the market where already issued securities are traded among investors. Stock exchanges such as NSE and BSE are part of the secondary market. It provides liquidity and price discovery. :contentReference[oaicite:5]{index=5}

Functions of Secondary Market

  • Provides liquidity.
  • Facilitates transfer of securities.
  • Determines market prices.
  • Encourages investment.

11. Difference Between Primary and Secondary Market

Basis Primary Market Secondary Market
Nature New securities are issued. Existing securities are traded.
Purpose Capital raising. Trading and liquidity.
Parties Involved Issuer and Investor. Investor and Investor.
Example IPO NSE, BSE Trading

12. Stock Market

Stock Market is a part of the securities market where shares, bonds, debentures and other securities are bought and sold. It provides opportunities for investment and wealth creation. :contentReference[oaicite:6]{index=6}

13. Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI)

SEBI is the regulatory authority of India's securities market. It was established in 1988 and given statutory powers under the SEBI Act, 1992. Its primary objective is to protect investors and regulate the securities market. :contentReference[oaicite:7]{index=7}

Functions of SEBI

  • Protection of investors.
  • Regulation of stock exchanges.
  • Prevention of unfair trade practices.
  • Promotion of market development.
  • Regulation of intermediaries.

14. Other Financial Markets

  • Foreign Exchange Market (Forex Market)
  • Bond Market
  • Commodity Market
  • Derivatives Market
  • Government Securities Market

15. Importance of Financial Market

  • Encourages savings and investment.
  • Facilitates economic growth.
  • Provides liquidity.
  • Promotes industrial development.
  • Supports efficient resource allocation.
  • Enhances financial stability.

16. Important BPSC Facts

  • Financial Market connects savers and investors. :contentReference[oaicite:8]{index=8}
  • Money Market deals with short-term funds up to one year. :contentReference[oaicite:9]{index=9}
  • Capital Market deals with long-term funds. :contentReference[oaicite:10]{index=10}
  • Primary Market is known as New Issue Market (NIM). :contentReference[oaicite:11]{index=11}
  • SEBI is the regulator of the securities market in India. :contentReference[oaicite:12]{index=12}
  • NSE and BSE are major stock exchanges in India. :contentReference[oaicite:13]{index=13}

17. Quick Revision

  1. Financial Market = Transfer of funds from savers to investors.
  2. Two main markets: Money Market and Capital Market.
  3. Money Market = Short-term funds (up to 1 year).
  4. Capital Market = Long-term funds.
  5. Primary Market = New Issue Market.
  6. Secondary Market = Trading of existing securities.
  7. SEBI regulates India's securities market.
  8. NSE and BSE are major stock exchanges.
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